Ovarian cancer is a form of cancer that starts in the ovaries. This cancer affects a large population across the globe. It often goes undetected in the early stages. In this article, we discuss the various modes of diagnosis and treatment for ovarian cancer.

1. Diagnosis
Much like other forms of cancer, ovarian cancer is best treated when it is diagnosed in the early stages. However, detecting this form of cancer is not simple. To confirm a diagnosis of ovarian cancer, doctors typically suggest a wide range of tests and procedures. Here are a few of them:

• Pelvic examination
  One of the most common ways to diagnose ovarian cancer is a pelvic exam. During this procedure, the doctor will insert gloved fingers into the vagina and press their other hand over the abdomen. This allows them to feel the pelvic organs and check for any abnormalities. During this examination doctors also examine the genitalia externally.
• Transvaginal ultrasound
  A transvaginal ultrasound is an imaging procedure that detects tumors in the reproductive system with the help of sound waves. This procedure does not determine the type of tumor, but helps determine the existence of one. Other common imaging tests used to diagnose ovarian cancer include computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• Blood tests
  The doctor may also suggest a wide range of blood tests to confirm ovarian cancer. These tests help determine organ function and even the overall health of the body. A common blood test for ovarian cancer diagnosis is the cancer antigen (CA) 125 test. This test determines the existence of the CA 125 protein in one’s blood. While blood tests by themselves cannot suggest whether one has cancer, they contain clues that help in the diagnosis and prognosis of the condition.

In some cases, doctors may suggest a biopsy. These involve removing tissue from the ovaries for testing. The sample that is collected is then analyzed under a microscope.

2. Treatment
The treatment chosen for ovarian cancer depends on the stage of the cancer. The treatment plan may contain a combination of two or more methods. Here are the two common treatment options for ovarian cancer:

• Surgery
  Surgery is a key way to treat ovarian cancer. It involves removing the entire tumor from the affected region. Ovarian cancer surgery may include partial or total hysterotomy,
• Therapy
  Targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are widely used to treat ovarian cancer. Targeted therapy uses certain substances to target and attack cancer cells in the body. Radiation therapy makes use of intense energy waves to kill cancer cells; and chemotherapy uses drugs to treat the condition. Each therapy can be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with other therapies.

It is important to note that certain forms of treatment may negatively impact the patient’s reproductive ability. In this case, they can consult their doctor regarding fertility preservation.